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Shon Harris, Allen Harper, Chris Eagle, and Jonathan Ness

"Gray Hat Hacking, Second Edition"


??? The command-line arguments to be passed to the program as a series of nullterminated
ASCII strings. Traditionally the first of these strings is the name of
the program itself, though this is not a requirement.
??? A block of zero-filled padding ranging in size from zero to 8192 bytes. For
Linux version 2.6 kernels, this block is inserted only when virtual address space
randomization is enabled in the kernel via the randomize_va_space kernel
variable. For Linux version 2.4 kernels, this padding is generally only present
when hyperthreading is enabled in the kernel.
??? 112 bytes of ELF interpreter information. See the function create_elf_tables in
the file fs/binfmt_elf.c for more details on information included here.
??? An array of pointers to the start of each environment string. The array is
terminated with a NULL pointer.
??? An array of pointers to the start of each command-line argument. The array is
terminated with a NULL pointer.
??? Saved stack information from the program entry point (_start) up to the call of
the main() function.
??? The parameters of main() itself, the argument count (argc), the pointer to the
argument pointer array (argv), and the pointer to the environment pointer
array (envp).


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