out.
??“S The compiler produces a file containing assembly
instructions; saved with a .s extension.
??“ggdb Produces extra debugging information; useful when using
GNU debugger (gdb).
??“c Compiles without linking; produces object files with an .o
extension.
??“mpreferred-stackboundary=
2
A useful option to compile the program using a DWORD
size stack, simplifying the debugging process while you learn.
Table 6-3
Commonly Used
gcc Flags
References
C Programming Methodology www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~hugh/TeachingStuff/cs1101c.pdf
Introduction to C Programming www.le.ac.uk/cc/tutorials/c/
How C Works http://computer.howstuffworks.com/c.htm
Computer Memory
In the simplest terms, computer memory is an electronic mechanism that has the ability
to store and retrieve data. The smallest amount of data that can be stored is 1 bit, which
can be represented by either a 1 or a 0 in memory. When you put 4 bits together, it is
called a nibble, which can represent values from 0000 to 1111. There are exactly 16 binary
values, ranging from 0 to 15, in decimal format. When you put two nibbles or 8 bits
together, you get a byte, which can represent values from 0 to (28 ??“ 1), or 0??“255 decimal.
When you put 2 bytes together, you get a word, which can represent values from 0 to
(216 ??“ 1), or 0??“65,535 in decimal.
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